Joseph James DeAngelo: Difference between revisions

| name = Joseph James DeAngelo

| image = Original Night Stalker-East Area Rapist = Joseph DeAngelo mugshot.jpg

| birth_date = {{nowrap|{{Birth date and age|1945|11|8}}}}

| birth_place = [[Bath, New York]], U.S.

| death_date =

| death_place =

| cause =

| sentencechildren = 3

The '''GoldenJoseph StateJames KillerDeAngelo Jr.''' is(born aNovember [[serial killer]]8, [[serial1945) rapist|rapist]],is andan American [[burglary|burglarserial killer]] who committed at least 13 &nbsp;[[murders]], more than 50 51&nbsp;[[raperapes]]s, and over 100 120&nbsp;[[burglaries]] inacross [[California]] frombetween 1974 toand 1986.<ref name="Footsteps">{{citeCite web |url = httphttps://www.lamagbbc.com/citythinkblognews/inworld-theus-footstepscanada-of-a-killer/53226327 |title=Golden State Killer pleads guilty to 13&nbsp;murders |date=June In29, the2020 Footsteps|website=[[BBC]]|access-date=June of30, a2020 Killer|archive-date=June 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630014031/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-53226327|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Footsteps">{{cite magazine |last1 = McNamara |first1 = Michelle |author-link1=Michelle McNamara |date = February 27, 2013 |websitetitle = In the footsteps of a killer |department=City Think |type=blog |magazine = [[Los Angeles (magazine)|Los Angeles]] |archive-url = https://archive.today/20171020222155/http://www.lamag.com/longformcitythinkblog/in-the-footsteps-of-a-killer/ |archiveurl-status=dead |access-date = October 207, 20172015 |deadarchive-url = yeshttps://archive.today/20171020222155/http://www.lamag.com/longform/in-the-footsteps-of-a-killer/ |accessarchive-date = October 720, 2015 |df = mdy-all 2017}}<br /ref><ref> {{cite news |last1last = Lange |first1first = Jeva |date = March 19, 2018 |title = Michelle McNamara's tantalizing roadmap for finding a long lost serial killer |website = [[The Week]] |url = httphttps://theweek.com/articles/761206/michelle-mcnamaras-tantalizing-roadmap-finding-long-lost-serial-killer |accessdateaccess-date = April 29, 2018 |work url-status= [[The Week]]live |date = March 19, 2018 |deadurl = no |archiveurlarchive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180424000349/http://theweek.com/articles/761206/michelle-mcnamaras-tantalizing-roadmap-finding-long-lost-serial-killer |archivedatearchive-date = April 24, 2018 |df = mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="DNA">{{citeCite news |urllast1 = http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/DNA-Links-70s-East-Area-Rapist-to-Serial-2935342.phpHallissy |first1 = Erin |last2 = Goodyear |first2 = Charlie |date = April 4, 2001 |title = DNA Linkslinks '70s 'East Area Rapist' to Serialserial Killingskillings / Evidenceevidence suggests suspect moved to Southernsouthern California |last1 newspaper= Hallissy[[The |first1San =Francisco ErinChronicle]] |date publisher=[[Hearst April 4, 2001Publishing]] |newspaperlocation= [[San Francisco, Chronicle]]California |url = http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/DNA-Links-70s-East-Area-Rapist-to-Serial-2935342.php |access-date = November 13, 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://archive.today/20171020222043/http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/DNA-Links-70s-East-Area-Rapist-to-Serial-2935342.php |archive-date = October 20, 2017 |dead-url = yes |last2 = Goodyear |first2 = Charlie |df = mdy-all }}</ref> He is believed to be responsible for three known separate crime sprees throughout Californiathe state, each of which spawned a different nickname in the press, before it became evident that they were committed by the same person.

In the [[San Joaquin Valley]], DeAngelo was known as the '''Visalia Ransacker''' from 1974 to 1976, before moving to the [[Sacramento County, California|Sacramento area]], where he wasbecame known as the '''East Area Rapist''', from 1976 to 1979 and was linked by ''[[modus operandi]]'' (MO) to additional attacks in [[Contra Costa CountyStockton, California|Contra Costa CountyStockton]], [[StocktonModesto, California|StocktonModesto]], and [[ModestoContra Costa County, California|Contra Costa County]].<ref Hename="auto">{{cite wasnews later|last known= forJohnson his|first southern= CaliforniaBrian crimes|date as= theApril '''Original27, Night2018 Stalker'''.|title He= isTulare suspectedDA toawaits havereports begunconnecting as'Golden aState burglarKiller' (theto '''[[Visalia Ransacker]]''') before|website moving= toABC30 theFresno Sacramento|language area, based on a similar MO and circumstantial evidence.<ref name="auto">{{Cite newsen-US |url = http://abc30.com/tulare-da-awaits-reports-connecting-golden-state-killer-to-visalia-ransacker/3400779/ |title url-status= Tulare DA awaits reports connecting 'Golden State Killer' to 'Visalia Ransacker' |last = Johnson |first = Brian |date = April 27, 2018 |work = ABC30 Fresnolive |access-date = May 1, 2018 |language = enarchive-US |deadurl = no |archiveurlurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180501163951/http://abc30.com/tulare-da-awaits-reports-connecting-golden-state-killer-to-visalia-ransacker/3400779/ |archivedatearchive-date = May 1, 2018 |df = mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Citecite news |last=Fan |first=Christina |date=April 26, 2018 |title=Serial killer's crime spree likely started in Visalia |website=ABC30 Fresno |language=en-US |url=http://abc30.com/visalia-detective-came-face-to-face-with-serial-killer-in-1975/3393359/|title=Serial killer's crime spree likely started in Visalia|lasturl-status=Fan|first=Christina|date=Aprillive 26, 2018|work=ABC30 Fresno|access-date=May 3, 2018 |archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504090544/http://abc30.com/visalia-detective-came-face-to-face-with-serial-killer-in-1975/3393359/ |archivedatearchive-date=May 4, 2018|deadurl=no|language=en-US}}</ref> DeAngelo committed serial murders in [[Santa Barbara County, California|Santa Barbara]], [[Ventura County, California|Ventura]], and [[Orange County, California|Orange]] counties from 1979 to 1986, and was known as the '''Night Stalker''' and later the '''Original Night Stalker''' (in order to differentiate him from [[Richard Ramirez]], a later serial killer who also became known as the "Night Stalker"). He is believed to have taunted and threatened both victims and police via [[obscene phone call]]s and possibly written communications.

During the decades-long investigation, several suspects have beenwere cleared through [[DNA profiling|DNA evidence]], [[alibi]],s or [[Detective#Techniques|other investigative methods]].<ref name="sudden terror">{{cite book |title = Sudden Terror |last = Crompton |first = Larry |date = August 2, 2010 |publisher = [[AuthorHouse]] |isbn = 978-1-4520-5241-0 }}</ref><ref name="ColdCaseFiles">{{cite episode |title = The Original Night Stalker |series = Cold Case Files |series-link = Cold Case Files |network = [[A&E Networks]] |date = May 28, 2000 |season = 2 |number = 22 }}</ref> In 2001, the combined acronym '''EARONS''' came into use after DNA testing indicated that the East Area Rapist and the Original Night Stalker were the same person and he was known as the '''EAR/ONS'''.<ref name="Footsteps" /> The FBI and local law-enforcement agencies held a [[news conference]] on June 15, 2016, to announce a renewed nationwide effort, offering a $50,000 reward for his capture.<ref>{{cite book |author = Justice Dept., Federal Bureau of Investigation |title = The FBI Story 2016 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Ur85ga1pFJcC&pg=PA61 |access-date = January 2, 2018 |edition = Illustrated |date = April 3, 2017 |publisher = Government Printing Office |isbn = 978-0-16-093735-4 |pages = 62–63 }}</ref> The case was a factor in the establishment of California's [[Combined DNA Index System|DNA database]], which collects DNA from all accused and convicted felons in California<ref>{{cite news |urllast = http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/article/NE/20160615/NEWS/160619840Thompson |first = Don |agency = [[Associated Press]] |date = June 15, 2016 |title = 'Original Night Stalker,' active across California, eludes police for 30 &nbsp;years |last1newspaper = Thompson[[The |first1Santa =Cruz DonSentinel]] |date publisher=[[Media JuneNews 15, 2016Group]] |work location= Santa Cruz, SentinelCalifornia |url = http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/article/NE/20160615/NEWS/160619840 |access-date = October 30, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url = https://archive.today/20171031003535/http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/article/NE/20160615/NEWS/160619840 |archive-date = October 31, 2017 |dead-url = yes |agency = Associated Press |df = mdy-all }}</ref> and has been called second only to [[Virginia]]'s in effectiveness in solving [[cold case (criminology)|cold cases]]s.<ref>{{Citecite news |urllast1 = http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/How-DNA-Fights-Crime-Other-states-make-better-2900861.phpHallissy |titlefirst1 = HowErin DNA|last2 Fights= Crime/Goodyear Other|first2 states= makeCharlie better|date use= ofOctober technology20, 1999 |lasttitle = HallissyHow |firstDNA =fights Erincrime/ |dateother =states Octobermake 20,better 1999use of technology |worknewspaper = [[San Francisco Chronicle]] |url = http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/How-DNA-Fights-Crime-Other-states-make-better-2900861.php |access-date = January 5, 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180105214843/http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/How-DNA-Fights-Crime-Other-states-make-better-2900861.php |archive-date = January 5, 2018 |dead-url = |last2 = Goodyear |first2 = Charlie }}</ref> ToIn heightenan awarenessattempt thatto theincrease uncaught killer operated throughout Californiaawareness, crime writer [[Michelle McNamara]] coined the name "'''Golden State Killer" in early 2013'''.<ref name="Footsteps"/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-writer-who-created-the-golden-state-killer/|title=The writer who named 'The Golden State Killer'|author=Smith, Tracy|publisher=[[CBS News]]|language=en-US|url-status=live|date=August 21, 2020|access-date=January 17, 2025|archive-date=April 26, 2018|archive-url=https://archive.today/20180426210809/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-writer-who-created-the-golden-state-killer/}}</ref>

On AprilJune 2415, 20182016, authoritiesthe charged[[Federal 72-year-oldBureau of Investigation]] (FBI) and local law enforcement agencies held a [[Unitednews Statesconference]] to announce a renewed nationwide effort, offering a $50,000 reward for the Golden State Killer's capture.<ref>{{cite book Navy|publisher = U.S. Navy[[Department of Justice]] |department=[[veteranFederal Bureau of Investigation]] and|title former= policeThe officerFBI '''JosephStory James2016 |edition = Illustrated |year= 2017 |via = Government Printing Office |isbn = 978-0-16-093735-4 |pages = 62–63 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Ur85ga1pFJcC&pg=PA61 |access-date = January 2, 2018}}</ref> On April 24, 2018, California authorities charged 72-year-old DeAngelo''' with eight counts of [[Murder#Degrees of murder|first-degree murder]], based upon DNA evidence.;<ref>{{Citecite news |urllast1 = https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/golden-state-killer-case-ex-cop-arrested-serial-murder-rape-n868936Blankstein |titlefirst1 = GoldenAndrew State|last2 Killer:= Ex-copDienst arrested|first2 in= serial murder-rape cold caseJonathan |lastlast3 = BlanksteinSiemaszko |firstfirst3 = AndrewCorky |date = April 25, 2018 |worktitle = NBCGolden NewsState |accessKiller: Ex-datecop =arrested Aprilin 26,serial 2018murder-rape |last2cold = Dienst |first2 = Jonathancase |language = en-US |last3 publisher=[[NBC SiemaszkoNews]] |first3url = Corkyhttps://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/golden-state-killer-case-ex-cop-arrested-serial-murder-rape-n868936 |deadurlaccess-date = noApril 26, 2018 |archiveurlurl-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180425212634/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/golden-state-killer-case-ex-cop-arrested-serial-murder-rape-n868936 |archivedatearchive-date = April 25, 2018 |df = mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Citecite news |url = http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/crime/article209779364.html |title = Update: East Area Rapist suspect captured after DNA match, authorities say |last1 = Stanton |first1 = Sam |last2 = Egel |first2 = Benjy |last3 = Lillis |first3 = Ryan |date = April 26, 2018 |title = Update: East Area Rapist suspect captured after DNA match, authorities say |newspaper = [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = April 29, 2018 |language = en-US |issn = 0890-5738 |deadurlpublisher=[[McClatchy]] |location=Sacramento, noCalifornia |archiveurlurl = http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/crime/article209779364.html |access-date = April 29, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180428020740/http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/crime/article209779364.html |archivedatearchive-date = April 28, 2018 |df = mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="MediaAdvisory">{{cite newspress release |title series= Media Advisory – |title=Joseph DeAngelo Chargescharges |url = http://orangecountyda.org/civica/press/display.asp?layout=2&Entry=5552 |accessdateaccess-date = April 30, 2018 |workpublisher = Orange County District Attorney |date = April 25, 2018 }}</ref>|archive-date This= wasApril also30, the first announcement connecting the Visalia Ransacker crimes to the Golden State Killer.<ref>{{Cite news2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180430114714/http://bakersfieldnoworangecountyda.comorg/newscivica/localpress/golden-state-killer-identified-as-former-exeter-police-officerdisplay.asp?layout=2&Entry=5552 |titleurl-status = Police:live Golden}}</ref> Stateinvestigators Killerhad isidentified alsomembers Visaliaof RansackerDeAngelo's family through [[Investigative genetic genealogy|lastforensic genetic genealogy]].<ref name=BerkleyLaw>{{cite Gonzalezjournal |first=Joseph |last= LizZabel |date=2019 |title=The Aprilkiller 25,inside 2018us: |workLaw, =ethics, Bakersfieldand Nowthe |access-dateforensic =use Aprilof 28,family 2018genetics |language journal=[[Berkeley en-USJournal |deadurlof =Criminal noLaw]] |archiveurlvolume=24 |issue= https://web.archive.org/web/20180428182241/http://bakersfieldnow.com/news/local/golden-state-killer-identified-as-former-exeter-police-officer2 |archivedatessrn = April 28, 20183368705 |df language=en mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=httphttps://kmphlawcat.berkeley.comedu/newsrecord/local/golden-state-killer-identified-as-former-exeter-police-officer|title=Police:1136717 Golden State Killer is also Visalia Ransacker|last=Gonzalez|first=Liz|access-date=AprilMay 254, 2018|work=KMPH2020 FOX26|accessurl-datestatus=Aprillive 28, 2018|archiveurlarchive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2018042818102020200630153701/httphttps://kmphlawcat.comberkeley.edu/newsrecord/local/golden1136717 |archive-state-killer-identified-as-former-exeter-police-officer|archivedatedate=AprilJune 2830, 2018|deadurl=no|language=en-US2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite newsThis |urlwas =also https://www.visaliatimesdelta.com/story/news/2018/04/27/visalia-ransacker-golden-state-killer-james-deangelo-black-sheep-exeter-police/559924002/the |titlefirst =announcement connecting the Visalia Ransacker suspectcrimes wasto aDeAngelo.<ref>{{Cite 'black sheep,' described as a loner in Exeternews |last = WoomerGonzalez |first = EricLiz |date = April 2725, 2018 |worktitle = VisaliaPolice: TimesGolden |access-dateState =Killer Aprilis 28,also 2018Visalia Ransacker |language = en-US }}</ref><ref>{{Cite|website news= Bakersfield Now |url = http://www.fresnobeebakersfieldnow.com/news/local/crime/article209829249.html |title = Golden State Killer suspect linked to Visalia mystery, was an Exeter golden-state-killer-identified-as-former-exeter-police -officer |last = Tehee |first = Joshua |date = April 25, 2018 |work = Fresno Bee |access-date = April 28, 2018 |language = enurl-US |deadurlstatus = nolive |archiveurlarchive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/2018042818185820180428182241/http://www.fresnobeebakersfieldnow.com/news/local/crime/article209829249.htmlgolden-state-killer-identified-as-former-exeter-police-officer |archivedatearchive-date = April 28, 2018 |df = mdy-all }}<br /ref> Due to California's [[statute of limitations]] on pre-2017 rape cases,<ref>{{Citecite news |urllast = https://www.theatlantic.com/news/archive/2016/09/california-statute-of-limitations/502307/Woomer |titlefirst = AfterEric Cosby,|date California= EndsApril Statute27, of Limitations on Rape2018 |lasttitle = FordVisalia |firstRansacker =suspect Mattwas |datea ='black September 29sheep', 2016described |workas =a Theloner Atlanticin |access-date = April 29, 2018Exeter |language = en-US |deadurlnewspaper = noThe Visalia Times-Delta |archiveurlurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180429160323/https://www.theatlanticvisaliatimesdelta.com/story/news/archive2018/201604/0927/californiavisalia-statuteransacker-ofgolden-state-limitationskiller-james-deangelo-black-sheep-exeter-police/502307559924002/ |archivedateaccess-date = April 2928, 2018 |df = mdyurl-allstatus }}</ref> DeAngelo cannot be charged with 1970s rapes,<ref name=":62">{{Cite newslive |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162236/https://www.nytimesvisaliatimesdelta.com/story/news/2018/04/27/us/visalia-ransacker-golden-state-killer-case-josephjames-deangelo.html-black-sheep-exeter-police/559924002/ |titlearchive-date = ToJune Catch12, a2018}}<br Killer:/> A{{Cite Fake Profile on a DNA Site and a Pristine Samplenews |last = ArangoTehee |first = TimJoshua |date = April 2725, 2018 |worktitle = TheGolden NewState YorkKiller Timessuspect |access-datelinked =to AprilVisalia 29mystery, 2018was |last2an =Exeter Goldmanpolice |first2 = Adamofficer |languagenewspaper = en-US[[The |issnFresno = 0362-4331Bee]] |last3publisher = Fuller[[McClatchy]] |first3location = ThomasFresno, |deadurl = noCalifornia |archiveurlurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20180429024141/httpshttp://www.nytimesfresnobee.com/2018news/04local/27crime/us/golden-state-killer-case-joseph-deangeloarticle209829249.html |archivedateaccess-date = April 2928, 2018 |dflanguage = mdyen-allUS }}</ref>|url-status but= helive was charged in August 2018 with 13 related kidnapping / abduction attempts.<ref>{{Cite news|archive-url = https://wwwweb.nbcnewsarchive.comorg/newsweb/crime-courts20180428181858/golden-state-killer-suspect-arraigned-new-charges-n903406|title=Golden State Killer suspect arraigned on rape-related charges|work=NBC News|access-date=2018-09-18|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribunefresnobee.com/news/nationworldlocal/ct-golden-state-killer-suspect-charges-20180824-storycrime/article209829249.html |titlearchive-date =Golden StateApril Killer28, suspect faces 26 murder and rape-related consolidated charges|last=Thompson|first=Don|work=chicagotribune.com|access-date=2018-09-18|language=en-US}}</ref>

[[File:East Area Rapist Attacks Map.jpg|thumb|upright=4.5|centerright|alt=Regional maps of California|Map showing locations of attacks attributedby toregion of the GoldenEast StateArea KillerRapist in California]]

[[File:Open-Mask-EastAreaRapistONS composites.pngjpg|thumb|upright=01.63|alt=Sketch ofSix amore man's head, covered except for his facesketches|AVarious victimsketches described theof East Area Rapist's<ref>{{Cite faceweb as|url=https://www.coldcase-earons.com/library.php young|title=Cold andCase round,EARONS: withThe wideLibrary eyes|access-date=November and18, a2017 broad|url-status=dead mouth|archive-url=https://web.<refarchive.org/web/20171201041506/https://www.coldcase-earons.com/library.php name|archive-date="HAP"December 1, 2017}}<br /> {{cite bookweb |last url= Shelby |first = Richardhttps://earons.wordpress.com/ |title = Hunting a Psychopath: The East Area Rapist / Original Night Stalker Investigation|website=East –Area TheRapist / Original InvestigatorNight SpeaksStalker Out|language=en-US |access-date =October September 157, 20142017 |publisher url-status= Booklockerdead |isbn archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170929140319/https://earons.wordpress.com/ 978|archive-1-63263-508-2date=September 29, 2017}}</ref>]]

! # || Date || Time || Location || County || {{Abbr|Ref.|Reference(s)}}

| 1 || Friday, June 18, 1976 || 4:00&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || [[Rancho Cordova, California|Rancho Cordova]]|| rowspan="23" |[[Sacramento County, California|Sacramento]] || <ref>{{citeCite news |title = Rapist claims 25th victim |url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19562857/golden_state_killer_claims_25th_victim/ |access-date = March 1, 2018 |work newspaper=[[The Los Angeles Times]] |agency =[[United UPIPress International]] |via = Newspapers.com |date = October 22, 1977 |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180426075833/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19562857/golden_state_killer_claims_25th_victim/ |archivedate archive-date= April 26, 2018 |df = mdy-all }} {{freeFree access}}</ref><ref name="1-8">{{Cite news |url = http://www.coldcase-earons.com/1976-11-04.pdf |title = Man Hunted As Suspect in 8 Rapes |last = |first = |date = November 4, 1976 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = April 29, 2018 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180425103622/http://www.coldcase-earons.com/1976-11-04.pdf |archivedate archive-date= April 25, 2018 |df = mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="1-8A">{{Cite news |url = http://www.coldcase-earons.com/1976-11-10.pdf |title = East Area Rapist ... Fearfear Gripsgrips Serene Neighborhoods |last = |first =serene neighborhoods |date = November 10, 1976 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = April 29, 2018 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180425103626/http://www.coldcase-earons.com/1976-11-10.pdf |archivedate archive-date= April 25, 2018 |df = mdy-all }}</ref>||[[Sacramento County, California|Sacramento]]

| 2 || SaturdayMonday, July 1719, 1976 || 2:00&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || Del Dayo Dr., [[Carmichael, California|Carmichael]] || <ref name="1-8" /><ref name="1-8A" /> || Sacramento

| 3 || Sunday, August 29, 1976 || 3:20&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || Rancho Cordova || <ref name="1-8" /><ref name="1-8A" /> || Sacramento

| 4 || Saturday, September 4, 1976 || 11:30&nbsp;p.m.&nbsp; || Carmichael [[Citrus Heights, California|Citrus| Heights]]<ref name="1-8" /><ref name="1-8A" /> || Sacramento

| 5 || Tuesday, October 5, 1976 || 6:45&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || [[Citrus Heights, California|Citrus Heights]] || <ref name="1-8" /><ref name="1-8A" /><ref>{{citeCite news |url = http://wsav.com/2017/04/07/rape-victim-turns-tragedy-into-purpose-with-california-serial-rapist-never-caught/ |title = Rape victim turns tragedy into purpose, with California serial rapist never caught |last = |first = |date = April 7, 2017 |work website= [[WSAV-TV|WSAV]] |access-date = October 6, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171007070038/http://wsav.com/2017/04/07/rape-victim-turns-tragedy-into-purpose-with-california-serial-rapist-never-caught/ |archivedate archive-date= October 7, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="1-8" /><ref name="1-8A" /> || Sacramento

| 6 || Saturday, October 9, 1976 || 4:30&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || Rancho Cordova || <ref name="1-8" /><ref name="1-8A" /> || Sacramento

| 7 || Monday, October 18, 1976 || 2:30&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || Carmichael Del|| Dayo Dr., Carmichael<ref name="1-8" /><ref name="1-8A" /> || Sacramento

| 8 || Monday, October 18, 1976 || 11:00&nbsp;p.m.&nbsp; || Rancho Cordova || <ref name="1-8" /><ref name="1-8A" /> || Sacramento

| 9 || Wednesday, November 10, 1976 || 7:30&nbsp;p.m.&nbsp; || Greenback Ln., Citrus Heights || <ref name="1-8" /><ref name="1-8A" Sacramento/>

| 10 || Saturday, December 18, 1976 || 7:00&nbsp;p.m.&nbsp; || Carmichael ||<ref name="1-8" /><ref name="1-8A" Sacramento/>

| 11 || Tuesday, January 18, 1977 || 11:00&nbsp;p.m.&nbsp; || Glenbrook/College Greens, [[Sacramento, California|Sacramento]] || <ref>{{Cite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-01-19.pdf |title = Glenbrook Housewife is Raped |last = |first = |date = January 19, 1977 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = October 7, 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180105213215/https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-01-19.pdf |archive-date = January 5, 2018 |dead-url = }}</ref> || Sacramento

| 12 || Monday, January 24, 1977 || 12:00&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || Citrus PrimroseHeights Dr.,|| Citrus Heights<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-01-24.pdf |title = Rapist Strikes Again, 14th time in 15 months |last newspaper= |first = |date = |work = [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = October 7, 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171008025903/https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-01-24.pdf |archive-date = October 8, 2017 |dead-url = }}</ref> || Sacramento

| 13 || Monday, February 7, 1977 || 6:45&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || Carmichael Crestview Drive and Madison Ave., Citrus|| Heights<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-02-07.pdf |title = East Area Rapist Attacks? 15th Assault |last = |first = |date = February 7, 1977 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = October 7, 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180105213454/https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-02-07.pdf |archive-date = January 5, 2018 |dead-url = }}</ref> || Sacramento

| 14 || Wednesday, February 16, 1977 || 10:30&nbsp;p.m.&nbsp; || Sacramento Ripon|| Court<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-02-17.pdf |title = Lurker Shoots Youth |last = |first = |date = February 17, 1977 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = October 7, 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180105213541/https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-02-17.pdf |archive-date = January 5, 2018 |dead-url = }}</ref> || Sacramento

| 15 || Tuesday, March 8, 1977 || 4:00&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || [[Arden-Arcade, RobertsonCalifornia|Arden-Arcade]] and|| Whitney Ave., Sacramento<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-03-08.pdf |title = Rape May Be Linked to Series |last = |first = |date = March 8, 1977 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = October 7, 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180105213621/https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-03-08.pdf |archive-date = January 5, 2018 |dead-url = }}</ref> || Sacramento

| 16 || Friday, March 18, 1977 || 10:45&nbsp;p.m.&nbsp; || Rancho Cordova || <ref>{{Cite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-03-20b.pdf |title = 'East Side Rapist' suspected again |last = |first = |date = March 20, 1977 |work newspaper= [[The SacramentSacramento Union]] |url=https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-03-20b.pdf |access-date = October 7, 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180105213658/https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-03-20b.pdf |archive-date = January 5, 2018 |dead-url = }}<br /ref><ref> {{Citecite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-03-20a.pdf |title = Rapist Hitshits 17th Victim |last = |first = victim |date = March 20, 1977 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = October 7, 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180105213802/https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-03-20a.pdf |archive-date = January 5, 2018 |dead-url = }}</ref> || Sacramento

| 17 || Saturday, April 2, 1977 || 3:20&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || Madison and Main Ave., [[Orangevale, California|Orangevale]] || <ref name="list1" /><ref name="list2" Sacramento/>

| 18 || Friday, April 15, 1977 || 2:30&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || MadisonCarmichael and|| Manzanita Avenues, [[Crestview, California|Crestview]]<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-04-15.pdf |title = 18th Rape Victim in East Area |last = |first = |date = April 15, 1977 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = October 7, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030539/https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-04-15.pdf |archivedate archive-date= October 8, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref>|| Sacramento

| 19 || Tuesday, May 3, 1977 || 3:00&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || Sacramento Glenbrook/College|| Greens, Sacramento<ref name=":4"SacBee5.5.77>{{Cite news |url = https://www.coldcase-earons.com/1977-05-05.pdf |title = East Area Rapist Attacks 20th Victim in Orangevale |last newspaper=[[The Sacramento |first = Bee]] |date =May 5, |work = The Sacramento Bee1077 |access-date = January 5, 2018 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180106073151/https://www.coldcase-earons.com/1977-05-05.pdf |archivedate archive-date= January 6, 2018 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> || Sacramento

| 20 || Thursday, May 5, 1977 || 2:40&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || Orangevale || Orangevale<ref name=":4"SacBee5.5.77 /> || Sacramento

| 21 || Saturday, May 14, 1977 || 3:45&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || Citrus GreenbackHeights Ln.|| and Birdcage St., Citrus Heights<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://www.coldcase-earons.com/1977-05-15.pdf |title = East Area Rapist Attacks 22nd Victim at Home |last = Assagai |first = Mel |date = May 15, 1977 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = January 5, 2018 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180106072652/https://www.coldcase-earons.com/1977-05-15.pdf |archivedate archive-date= January 6, 2018 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> || Sacramento

| 22 || Tuesday, May 17, 1977 || 1:30&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || Carmichael Sand|| Bar Circle, Del Dayo Dr., Carmichael<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-05-17.pdf |title = East Area Rapist Attacks No. 23 |last = |first = |date = May 17, 1977 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = October 7, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030324/https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-05-17.pdf |archivedate archive-date= October 8, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> || Sacramento

| 23 || Saturday, May 28, 1977 || 1:00&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || Fourth [[Parkway, SouthCalifornia|Parkway]] Area,|| Sacramento<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-05-29.pdf |title = East Area Rapist Hits South: Victim 24 |last = Bell |first = Ted |date = May 29, 1977 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = October 7, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030808/https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-05-29.pdf |archivedate archive-date= October 8, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> || Sacramento

| 24 || Tuesday, September 6, 1977 || 1:30&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || [[Stockton, California|Stockton]] || [[LincolnSan VillageJoaquin County, California|LincolnSan VillageJoaquin]] West|| <ref>{{Cite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-09-07.pdf |title = Police Certain East Area Rapist Struck in Stockton |last = Wilson |first = Wayne |date = September 7, 1977 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = October 7, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030246/https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-09-07.pdf |archivedate archive-date= October 8, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> || [[San Joaquin County, California|San Joaquin]]

| 25 || Saturday, October 1, 1977 || 1:30&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || [[La Riviera, California|La Riviera]] and|| Tuolumnerowspan="6" Dr.,| RanchoSacramento || Cordova<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-10-02.pdf |title = East Area Rapist Returns to District, Assaults Teen-Aged Girl in Duplex. |last = |first = |date = October 2, 1977 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = October 7, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030209/https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-10-02.pdf |archivedate archive-date= October 8, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> || Sacramento

| 26 || Friday, October 21, 1977 || 3:00&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || Elkhorn Blvd./Diablo Dr., [[Foothill Farms, California|Foothill Farms]] || <ref>{{Cite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-10-21.pdf |title = Rapist Gets 25th Victim |last last1= Holloway |first first1= Warren |date = October 21, 1977 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = October 7, 2017 |last2 = Akeman |first2 = Thom |page = B1–B2 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030206/https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-10-21.pdf |archivedate archive-date= October 8, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> || Sacramento

| 27 || Saturday, October 29, 1977 || 1:45&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || Arden-Arcade Woodson|| Ave., Sacramento<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-10-30.pdf |title = Couple Terrorized by East Area Rapist |last = Mapes |first = Paul |date = October 30, 1977 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Union]] |access-date = October 7, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030359/https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-10-30.pdf |archivedate archive-date= October 8, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> || Sacramento

| 28 || Thursday, November 10, 1977 || 3:00&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || Sacramento La|| Riviera Dr. near Watt Ave., Sacramento<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-11-10.pdf |title = East Area Rapist Attacks Girl, 13 |last = |first = |date = November 10, 1977 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = October 7, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171008075937/https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-11-10.pdf |archivedate archive-date= October 8, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> || Sacramento

| 29 || Friday, December 2, 1977 || 11:30&nbsp;p.m.&nbsp; || Foothill BrettFarms and|| Revelstoke Dr. Foothill Farms<ref>{{Citecite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-12-04b.pdf |title = Teen-age Boys Scare off Rapist |last = Hammarley |first = John |date = December 4, 1977 |worktitle=Teen-age boys =scare off rapist |newspaper=[[The Sacramento Union]] |url=https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-12-04b.pdf |access-date = October 7, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030723/https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-12-04b.pdf |archivedate archive-date= October 8, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}<br /ref><ref> {{Cite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-12-04a.pdf |title = Noise May Have Curbed Rapist |last = |first = |date = December 4, 1977 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = October 7, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030205/https://coldcase-earons.com/1977-12-04a.pdf |archivedate archive-date= October 8, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> || Sacramento

| 30 || Saturday, January 28, 1978 || 10:15&nbsp;p.m.&nbsp; || WindingCarmichael|| Way, east of Walnut Ave., Sacramento<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1978-01-30.pdf |title = East Rapist Assaults Teen Sisters |last = Akeman |first = Thom |date = January 30, 1978 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = October 7, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030432/https://coldcase-earons.com/1978-01-30.pdf |archivedate archive-date= October 8, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}<br /ref><ref> {{citeCite news |title = Two sisters latest victims of East Area Rapist |url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/11969364/san_bernardino_county_sun_1301978/ |access-date = November 1, 2017 |work newspaper= [[The San Bernardino Sun]] |agency =[[The Associated Press]] |date = January 30, 1978 |page = A4 |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171107030243/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/11969364/san_bernardino_county_sun_1301978/ |archivedate archive-date= November 7, 2017 |df = mdy-all }} {{freeFree access}}</ref>|| Sacramento

| 31 || Saturday, March 18, 1978 || 111:0500&nbsp;p.m.&nbsp; || Stockton Parkwoods,|| [[Stockton,San Joaquin California|Stockton]]| <ref>{{Cite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1978-03-19.pdf |title = East Rapist in Stockton |last = |first = |date = March 19, 1978 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = October 7, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030249/https://coldcase-earons.com/1978-03-19.pdf |archivedate archive-date= October 8, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> || San Joaquin

| 32 || Friday, April 14, 1978 || 10:00&nbsp;p.m.&nbsp; || Sacramento Seamas and Riverside Aves., [[Parkway–South|| Sacramento, California|South| Sacramento]]<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://www.coldcase-earons.com/1978-04-16b.pdf |title = East Rapist Kicks in Door, Attacks Sitter in South Area |last = |first = |date = April 16, 1978 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = January 5, 2018 |pages = A1, A20 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180106071852/https://www.coldcase-earons.com/1978-04-16b.pdf |archivedate archive-date= January 6, 2018 |df = mdy-all }}</ref><ref name=":3"SacUnion>{{Cite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1978-06-07b.pdf |title = East Area Rapist Strikes in Modesto |last = |first = |date = June 7, 1978 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Union]] |access-date = October 7, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030435/https://coldcase-earons.com/1978-06-07b.pdf |archivedate archive-date= October 8, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> || Sacramento

| 33 || Monday, June 5, 1978 || 2:30&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || Northeastern [[Modesto, California|Modesto]] || [[Stanislaus County, California|Stanislaus]] || <ref name=":3"SacUnion /><ref>{{Cite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1978-06-07a.pdf |title = East Area Rapist Strikes Modesto |last = |first = |date = June 7, 1978 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = October 7, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030504/https://coldcase-earons.com/1978-06-07a.pdf |archivedate archive-date= October 8, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> || [[Stanislaus County, California|Stanislaus]]

| 34 || Wednesday, June 7, 1978 || 3:55&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || [[University ofDavis, California, Davis|UC Davis]], || [[DavisYolo County, California|DavisYolo]] || <ref>{{Cite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1978-06-27.pdf |title = Rapist Accredited with 2 Attacks |last = |first = |date = June 27, 1978 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = October 7, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030534/https://coldcase-earons.com/1978-06-27.pdf |archivedate archive-date= October 8, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> || [[Yolo County, California|Yolo]]

| 35 || Friday, June 23, 1978 || 1:30&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || Modesto Northeastern|| ModestoStanislaus || <ref Stanislausname="list1" /><ref name="list2" />

| 36 || Saturday, June 24, 1978 || 3:15&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || rowspan="2" Rivendell,| Davis || rowspan="2" | Yolo || <ref name="list1" /><ref name="list2" />

| 37 || Thursday, July 6, 1978 || 2:50&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || Westwood Division, Davis<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://www.coldcase-earons.com/1978-07-07b.pdf |title = East Area Rapist Returns to Davis, Assaults Mother |last = Wilson |first = Bill |date = July 7, 1978 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = January 5, 2018 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180106070906/https://www.coldcase-earons.com/1978-07-07b.pdf |archivedate archive-date= January 6, 2018 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> || Yolo

| 38 || Saturday, October 7, 1978 || 2:30&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || rowspan="2" | [[Concord, California|Concord]] || rowspan="3" | [[Contra Costa County, California|Contra Costa]] || <ref>{{Cite news |url = https://www.coldcase-earons.com/1978-10-14b.pdf |title = Two Concord Rapesrapes in Weekweek Ascribedascribed Toto East Area Rapist |last last1= Assagai |first first1= Mel |date = October 14, 1978 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = January 5, 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180105211356/https://www.coldcase-earons.com/1978-10-14b.pdf |archive-date = January 5, 2018 |dead-url = |last2 = Diaz |first2 = Jaime }}</ref> || [[Contra Costa County, California|Contra Costa]]

| 39 || Friday, October 13, 1978 || 4:30&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || Concord<ref>{{Citecite news |url = https://www.coldcase-earons.com/1978-10-14a.pdf |title = Area rapist strikes in Concord |last = |first = |date = October 14, 1978 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Union]] |access-date = January 5, 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180105211004/https://www.coldcase-earons.com/1978-10-14a.pdf |archive-date = January 5, 2018 |dead-url = }}</ref> || Contra Costa

| 40 || Saturday, October 28, 1978 || 4:30&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || [[San Ramon, California|San Ramon]] || <ref>{{Cite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1978-12-10.pdf |title = Rape's aftermath raises issue of suburban safety |last = |first = |date = December 10, 1978 |work newspaper= The Contra Costa Times |access-date = October 7, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030701/https://coldcase-earons.com/1978-12-10.pdf |archivedate archive-date= October 8, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}<br /ref><ref> {{Cite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1978-11-07.pdf |title = Assault in San Ramon Blamedblamed on East Area Rapist |last = |first = |date = November 7, 1978 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = October 7, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030437/https://coldcase-earons.com/1978-11-07.pdf |archivedate archive-date= October 8, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}<br /ref><ref> {{Cite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1978-11-02.pdf |title = East Area Rapist Blamedblamed for attack |last = |first = |date = November 2, 1978 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Union]] |access-date = October 7, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171008075828/https://coldcase-earons.com/1978-11-02.pdf |archivedate archive-date= October 8, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> || Contra Costa

| 41 || Saturday, November 4, 1978 || 3:30&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || rowspan="2" | [[San Jose, California|San Jose]] || rowspan="2" | [[Santa Clara County, California|Santa Clara]] ||<ref name="list1" /><ref name="list2" />

| 42 || Saturday, December 2, 1978 || 4:30&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; ||<ref name="list1" San Jose || /><ref Santaname="list2" Clara/>

| 43 || Saturday, December 9, 1978 || 2:00&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || [[Danville, California|Danville]] || rowspan="2" | Contra Costa ||<ref name="list1" /><ref name="list2" />

| 44 || Monday, December 18, 1978 || 6:30&nbsp;p.m.&nbsp; || San Ramon || <ref name="list1">{{Cite news |url = https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/04/25/timeline-golden-state-killer-attacks |title = Timeline: List of Golden State Killer attacks |last = |first = |date = April 25, 2018 |work newspaper= [[The San Jose Mercury News]] |access-date = April 29, 2018 |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180430181651/https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/04/25/timeline-golden-state-killer-attacks/ |archivedate archive-date= April 30, 2018 |df = mdy-all }}</ref><ref name="list2">{{Cite news |url = http://www.kcra.com/article/all-of-the-crimes-tied-to-the-east-area-rapistgolden-state-killer/20065158 |title = All of the crimes tied to the East Area Rapist/Golden State Killer |last = |first = |date = April 25, 2018 |work publisher= NBC KCRA 3 |access-date = April 29, 2018 |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180430114612/http://www.kcra.com/article/all-of-the-crimes-tied-to-the-east-area-rapistgolden-state-killer/20065158 |archivedate archive-date= April 30, 2018 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> || Contra Costa

| 45 || Tuesday, March 20, 1979 || 5:00&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || Rancho Cordova || Sacramento || <ref name="list1" /><ref name="list2" /> || Sacramento

| 46 || Wednesday, April 4, 1979 || 1:00&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || [[Fremont, California|Fremont]] || [[Alameda County, California|Alameda]] || <ref>{{Cite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1979-04-06.pdf |title = East Area Rapist Hits in Fremont |last = |first = |date = April 6, 1979 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = October 7, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030813/https://coldcase-earons.com/1979-04-06.pdf |archivedate archive-date= October 8, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> || [[Alameda County, California|Alameda]]

| 47 || Saturday, June 2, 1979 || 11:30&nbsp;p.m.&nbsp; || [[Walnut Creek, California|Walnut Creek]] || rowspan="4" | Contra Costa || <ref>{{Cite news |url = http://www.mercurynews.com/2011/07/17/walnut-creek-teen-rape-survivor-recalls-crime-communitys-help/ |title = Walnut Creek teen rape survivor recalls crime, community's help |last = Fraley |first = Malaika |date = July 17, 2011 |work newspaper= [[The San Jose Mercury News]] |access-date = October 6, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171007070137/http://www.mercurynews.com/2011/07/17/walnut-creek-teen-rape-survivor-recalls-crime-communitys-help/ |archivedate archive-date= October 7, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> || Contra Costa

| 48 || Monday, June 11, 1979 || 4:00&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || Danville || <ref>{{Cite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1979-06-13.pdf |title = Danville Woman Latest Victim of Capital's East Area Rapist |last = |first = |date = June 13, 1979 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = October 7, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030725/https://coldcase-earons.com/1979-06-13.pdf |archivedate archive-date= October 8, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> || Contra Costa

| 49 || Monday, June 25, 1979 || 4:00&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || Walnut Creek || <ref>{{Cite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1979-06-26.pdf |title = East Area Rapist Attacksattacks 13&nbsp;year-Year-Old |last = |first = old |date = June 26, 1979 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |access-date = October 7, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171008075830/https://coldcase-earons.com/1979-06-26.pdf |archivedate archive-date= October 8, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> || Contra Costa

| 50 || Thursday, July 5, 1979 || 3:45&nbsp;a.m.&nbsp; || Danville || <ref>{{citeCite web |url = http://www.ear-ons.com/crimes.html |title = East Area Rapist/Original Night Stalker |author website= |date = |work = ear-ons.com |access-date = June 16, 2016 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160617073815/http://www.ear-ons.com/crimes.html |archivedate archive-date= June 17, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}<br /ref><ref> {{citeCite web |url = https://www.coldcase-earons.com/attacks.php |title = Cold Case EARONS: The Attacks |access-date = May 24, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nodead |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170923051005/https://www.coldcase-earons.com/attacks.php |archivedate archive-date= September 23, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> || Contra Costa

==== {{anchorAnchor|East Area Rapist murder}}MurdersMaggiore murders ====

A young Sacramento couple,couple—21-year-old Brian and KatieKeith Maggiore (the former, a military policeman at [[Mather Air Force Base]]), wereand his 20-year-old wife Katie Lee Maggiore—were walking their dog in the Rancho Cordova area on the night of February 2, 1978, near where five East Area Rapist attacks had occurred.<ref name="FBIHelp">{{citeCite web |url = https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2016/june/help-us-catch-the-east-area-rapist |title = Help Us Catch the East Area Rapist |date = June 15, 2016 |website = FBI.gov |access-date = June 16, 2016 |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160615162224/https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2016/june/help-us-catch-the-east-area-rapist |archivedate archive-date= June 15, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> The Maggiores fled after a confrontation in the street, but were chased down and shot deadto death.<ref>{{citeCite news |last1 = Mettler |first1 = Katie |title = After 40 years, 12 slayings, and 45 rapes, the 'Golden State Killer' still eludes police |url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/06/16/after-40-desperate-years-fbi-offers-50000-reward-for-information-about-one-of-californias-most-prolific-criminals/ |access-date = January 2, 2018 |work newspaper= [[The Washington Post]] |date = June 16, 2016 |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180102193017/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/06/16/after-40-desperate-years-fbi-offers-50000-reward-for-information-about-one-of-californias-most-prolific-criminals/ |archivedate archive-date= January 2, 2018 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> Some investigators suspected that they had been murdered by the East Area Rapist because of their proximity to the other attacks' locationlocations, and a shoelace was found nearby.<ref name="sudden terror" /> The [[FBI]] announced on June 15, 2016, that it was confident that the East Area Rapist had murdered the Maggiores.<ref>{{cite news |last1 = Thompson |first1 = Donweb |title = Reward offered in 40-&nbsp;year-old California serial killer case |urllast=Thompson |first=Don |url=http://www.salon.com/2016/06/15/reward_offered_in_40_year_old_california_serial_killer_case/ |access-date =June March 815, 2017 |work = [[Salon (website)|Salon]] |agency = Associated Press2016 |access-date =September June 1624, 20162020 |deadurl archive-url= no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160808180636/http://www.salon.com/2016/06/15/reward_offered_in_40_year_old_california_serial_killer_case/ |archivedate archive-date= August 8, 2016}}</ref> On June 29, 2020, DeAngelo entered a plea of guilty to these murders.<ref>{{cite web |dftitle=Joseph DeAngelo pleads guilty to killing Brian and Katie Maggiore |date=June mdy29, 2020 |place=Sacramento, CA |website=cbslocal.com |url=https://sacramento.cbslocal.com/video/4607790-alljoseph-deangelo-pleads-guilty-to-killing-brian-and-katie-maggiore |access-date=July 1, 2020 |url-status=live |archive-date=July 5, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200705070155/https://sacramento.cbslocal.com/video/4607790-joseph-deangelo-pleads-guilty-to-killing-brian-and-katie-maggiore/}}</ref>

=== {{anchorAnchor|Original Night Stalker|Original Night Stalker crimes – October 1979 to May 1986}}Original Night Stalker (October 1979–May 19861979–1986) ===

| 1 || Monday, October 1, 1979 || Unknown Nonenames (attempted murder; botched attack) || Queen Ann Lane, [[Goleta, California|Goleta]]<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://www.coldcase-earons.com/1979-10-10.pdf |title = Sheriff's Blotter |last = |first = |date = October 10, 1979 |worknewspaper = Goleta Valley News |access-date = January 5, 2018 |deadurlurl-status = nodead |archiveurlarchive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180106064502/https://www.coldcase-earons.com/1979-10-10.pdf |archivedatearchive-date = January 6, 2018 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> || rowspan="2" | [[Santa Barbara County, California|Santa Barbara]]

| 2 || Sunday, December 30, 1979 || Robert Offerman, and Debra Manning || Goleta<ref name=":0"LATimes /> || Santa Barbara

| 3 || Thursday, March 13, 1980 || Charlene &and Lyman Smith || [[Ventura, California|Ventura]]<ref>{{Cite news |url = https://www.coldcase-earons.com/1980-03-17b.pdf |title = Lawyer, wife found slain in Ventura home |lastlast1 = Rimer |firstfirst1 = Skip |date = March 17, 1980 |worknewspaper = Ventura County Star |access-date = January 5, 2018 |last2 = Beamish |first2 = Rita |deadurlurl-status = nodead |archiveurlarchive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180106065913/https://www.coldcase-earons.com/1980-03-17b.pdf |archivedatearchive-date = January 6, 2018 |df = mdy-all }}<br /ref><ref> {{Cite news |url = http://archive.vcstar.com/news/state/reward-offered-for-elusive-serial-killer-with-links-to-ventura-couple-35532af3-e3f3-30a6-e053-010000-383156921.html/ |title = Reward offered for elusive serial killer with links to Ventura couple |last = Thompson |first = Don |date = 2016 |worknewspaper = Ventura County Star |access-date = August 29, 2017 |language = en |deadurlurl-status = nodead |archiveurlarchive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170830010658/http://archive.vcstar.com/news/state/reward-offered-for-elusive-serial-killer-with-links-to-ventura-couple-35532af3-e3f3-30a6-e053-010000-383156921.html/ |archivedatearchive-date = August 30, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> || [[Ventura County, California|Ventura]]

| 4 || Tuesday, August 19, 1980 || Keith &and Patrice Harrington || [[Dana Point, California|Dana Point]]<ref name=":1"OCRegister6.15.16>{{citeCite web |url = http://www.ocregister.com/2016/06/15/50000-reward-offered-in-40-year-old-serial-killer-cold-case-four-oc-deaths-linked-to-unknown-suspect/ |title = $50,000 reward offered in 40-&nbsp;year-old serial killer cold case&nbsp; – four O.C. deaths linked to unknown suspect |date = June 15, 2016 |website = Orange County Register |access-date = August 29, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurlarchive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170830012118/http://www.ocregister.com/2016/06/15/50000-reward-offered-in-40-year-old-serial-killer-cold-case-four-oc-deaths-linked-to-unknown-suspect/ |archivedatearchive-date = August 30, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> || rowspan="2" | [[Orange County, California|Orange]]

| 5 || Friday, February 6, 1981 || Manuela Witthuhn || [[Irvine, California|Irvine]]<ref name=":1" OCRegister6.15.16/><ref>{{citeCite news |last1 = Alger |first1 = Tim |title = County slayings: Not all cases are closed |url = https://newspaperarchive.com/anonymous-crime-clipping-jan-03-1982-445652/ |access-date = November 2, 2017 |worknewspaper = [[Orange County Register]] |via = NewspaperArchive.com |date = January 3, 1982 |page = B1–B2 |archive-date = September 18, 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180918114028/https://newspaperarchive.com/anonymous-crime-clipping-jan-03-1982-445652/ |url-status = dead }} {{freeFree access}}</ref>||

| 6 || Monday, July 27, 1981 || Cheri Domingo, and Gregory Sanchez || Goleta<ref>{{citeCite web |url = http://santamariatimes.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/goleta-murders-tied-to-unknown-serial-killer/article_9c332d7e-77a3-11e0-bc2d-001cc4c002e0.html |title = 1981 Goleta murders tied to unknown serial killer |last = Scroggin |first = Samantha |date = May 6, 2011 |website = Santa Maria Times |access-date = August 29, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurlarchive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170830012441/http://santamariatimes.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/goleta-murders-tied-to-unknown-serial-killer/article_9c332d7e-77a3-11e0-bc2d-001cc4c002e0.html |archivedatearchive-date = August 30, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> || Santa Barbara

| 7 || Sunday, May 4, 1986 || Janelle Cruz || Irvine<ref name="master timeline" /><ref name="EAR-ONS" /> || Orange

On October 1, an intruder broke in and tied up a Goleta couple.<ref name="sudden terror" />{{rp|434}} Alarmed byat hearing him say, "I'll kill 'em" to himself,<ref name="ColdCaseFiles" /><ref name="sudden terror" />{{rp|435}} the man and woman tried to escape when he left the room, and the woman screamed. Realizing that the alarm had been raised, the intruder fled on a bicycle.<ref name="ColdCaseFiles" /> A neighbor (an [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] agent) responded to the noise and pursued the perpetrator, who abandoned the bicycle and a knife and fledescaped on foot through local backyards.<ref name="sudden terror" />{{rpfact|435}} The attack was later linked to the Offerman–Manning murders by shoe prints and twine used to bind the victims.<ref namedate="suddenJanuary terror" />{{rp|4382025}}

On December 30, 44-year-old orthopedic surgeon Dr. Robert Offerman and 35-year-old clinical psychologist Dr. Debra AlexandraAlexandria Manning were found shot deadto atdeath in the bedroom of Offerman's [[Condominium (living space)|condominium]] on Avenida Pequena in Goleta. Manning had also been raped. Two of her rings were found hidden between the mattress and bed frame near her body. Offerman's bindings were untied, indicating that he had lunged at the attacker. Neighbors had heard gunshots.<ref name="OffermanManning">{{cite news |title = Motive and slayer sought in murders |url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5262433/the_san_bernardino_county_sun/ |access-date = November 2, 2017 |worknewspaper = The San Bernardino Sun |agency = [[Associated Press]] |via = Newspapers.com |date = January 2, 1980 |page = A5 |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurlarchive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171107020144/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5262433/the_san_bernardino_county_sun/ |archivedatearchive-date = November 7, 2017 |df = mdy-all }} {{freeFree access}}</ref> Offerman's bindings were untied, indicating that he had lunged at the attacker. Neighbors had heard gunshots.<ref name="OffermanManning" /> Paw prints of a large dog were found at the scene, leading to speculation that the killer may have brought one with him.<ref name="suddenThe terror"killer />{{rp|446}}ate Theleftover killerChristmas turkey from Offerman's refrigerator, leaving the remnants in the kitchen. There was also brokeevidence the killer had broken into the vacant adjoining residencecondo and stolestolen a bicycle, later found abandoned on a street north of the scene, from a third residence in the complex.<ref name="HAP">{{cite book |last=Shelby |first=Richard|title=Hunting a Psychopath: The East Area Rapist / Original Night Stalker investigation – the original investigator speaks out |publisher=Booklocker |year=2014 |isbn=978-1-63263-508-2}}</ref>

On March 13, 33-year-old interior designer Charlene Smith and 43-year-old attorney Lyman Smith (who was about to be appointed as a judge) were found murdered in their Ventura home;.<ref>{{citeCite news |title = Slain attorney, wife were beaten to death |url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5262482/the_san_bernardino_county_sun/ |access-date = November 1, 2017 |worknewspaper = [[The San Bernardino Sun]] |agency = Associated Press |via = Newspapers.com |date = March 19, 1980 |page = A6 |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurlarchive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171107022303/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5262482/the_san_bernardino_county_sun/ |archivedatearchive-date = November 7, 2017 |df = mdy-all }} {{freeFree access}}</ref> Charlene Smithhad hadalso been raped.<ref name="ColdCaseFiles" /> A log from a woodpile on the side of the house was used to bludgeon the victims to death.<ref name="suddenThey terror"were />{{rp|440}}discovered three days later by Lyman's 12-year old son when he stopped by to mow the lawn. The bedroom alarm clock was still going off.<ref>{{citeCite news |last1 = Hurst |first1 = John |title = 'Night Stalker' Theory Connecting Eight Southland Slayings Disputed |url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17884686/the_los_angeles_times/ |access-date = March 1, 2018 |worknewspaper = [[The Los Angeles Times]] |via = Newspapers.com |date = August 2, 1981 |page = A3, A24 |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurlarchive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180301164449/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17884686/the_los_angeles_times/ |archivedatearchive-date = March 1, 2018 |df = mdy-all }} {{freeFree access}}</ref> Their wrists and ankles had been bound with [[Curtain|drapery]] cord.<ref name="ColdCaseFiles" /><ref name="sudden terror" />{{rp|441}} An unusual [[Chinese knotting|Chinese knot]], a [[diamond knot]], was used on Charlene's wrists;<ref name="sudden terror" />{{rp|441}} the same knot was noted in the Sacramento East Area Rapist attacks, at least one confirmed case of which was publicly known.<ref name=HAP /> The murderer was, therefore, briefly given the name "'''Diamond Knot Killer"'''.<ref>{{Citecite news |urllast1=https://wwwBarry |first1=Dan |last2=Arango |first2=Tim |last3=Oppel |first3=Richard A.nytimes Jr.com/2018/04/ |date=April 28/us/golden-state-killer-joseph-deangelo.html, 2018 |title=The Golden State Killer Leftleft a Trailtrail of Horrorhorror Withwith Tauntstaunts and Guileguile |lastlanguage=Barry|first=Dan|date=2018en-04-28US |worknewspaper=[[The New York Times]] |accessissn=0362-date4331 |url=2019https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/28/us/golden-01state-01killer-joseph-deangelo.html |last2access-date=ArangoJanuary 1, 2019 |first2url-status=Timlive |language=enarchive-US|issnurl=0362https://web.archive.org/web/20181128070942/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/28/us/golden-4331state-killer-joseph-deangelo.html |last3archive-date=Jr|first3=RichardNovember A.28, Oppel2018}}</ref>

On August 19, 24-year-old Keith Eli Harrington and 27-year-old Patrice Briscoe Harrington were found bludgeoned to death in their home on Cockleshell Drive in Dana Point's Niguel Shores [[gated community]].<ref name="OrangeCoastMag">{{citeCite journal |last1 = Logan |first1 = Dan |title = Fingering a killer |journal = [[Orange Coast (magazine)|Orange Coast]] |date = October 1988 |volume = 14 |issue = 10 |pages = 122–128 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=J2EEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA122 |access-date = January 6, 2018 |issn = 0279-0483 |archive-date = June 26, 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190626220906/https://books.google.com/books?id=J2EEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA122 |url-status = live }}</ref> Patrice Harrington had also been raped. She was bludgeoned so severely that her face and skull were pulverized.<ref name="ColdCaseFiles" /><ref>{{citeCite news |last1 = Leonard |first1 = Jack |title = Victims' Relativesrelatives Urgeurge Publicpublic to Helphelp Solvesolve Serialserial Killingskillings |url = httphttps://articleswww.latimes.com/2000archives/la-xpm-2000-oct/-05/local/-me-31819-story.html |access-date = April 23, 2017 |worknewspaper = [[The Los Angeles Times]] |date = October 5, 2000 |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurlarchive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170424085721/http://articles.latimes.com/2000/oct/05/local/me-31819 |archivedatearchive-date = April 24, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> Although there was evidence that the Harringtons' wrists and ankles were bound, no ligaturesmurder weapon or murder weaponligatures were found at the scene.<ref name="OrangeCoastMag" /> The Harringtons had been married for three months at the time of their deaths.<ref name="OrangeCoastMag" /> Patrice was a pediatric nurse in Irvine, and Keith was a fourth year medical student at [[University of California, Irvine|UC Irvine]].<ref name="suddenHe terror"was on />course to graduate early in December 1980.<ref name="OrangeCoastMag" /> Keith's brother Bruce later spent nearly $2&nbsp;million supporting [[2004 California Proposition 69 (2004)|California Proposition 69]], authorizing DNA collection from all California felons and certain other criminals.<ref name="ColdCaseFiles" /><ref name=":0"LATimes>{{cite news |last1 = Chawkins |first1 = Steve |last2 = Santa Cruz |first2 = Nicole |date = May 6, 2011 |title = DNA testing sheds new light on Original Night Stalker case |newspaper = [[The Los Angeles Times]] |url = httphttps://articleswww.latimes.com/2011/may/06/local/california/la-me-originaldna-night-stalker-2011050620160615-snap-story.html |access-date = October 7, 2015 |work url-status= [[Los Angeles Times]]live |date = May 6, 2011 |deadurl = no |archiveurlarchive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161124055733/http://articles.latimes.com/2011/may/06/local/la-me-original-night-stalker-20110506 |archivedatearchive-date = November 24, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}</ref>

On February 6, 28-year-old Manuela Witthuhn was raped and murdered in her Irvine home.<ref name="ColdCaseFiles" /><ref name="OCRegister2009">{{citeCite news |last1 = Emery |first1 = Sean |title = 'Original Night Stalker' focus of new cable special |url = http://www.ocregister.com/2009/05/05/ocs-original-night-stalker-focus-of-new-cable-special/ |access-date = November 2, 2017 |worknewspaper = Orange County Register |date = May 5, 2009 |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurlarchive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171107055141/http://www.ocregister.com/2009/05/05/ocs-original-night-stalker-focus-of-new-cable-special/ |archivedatearchive-date = November 7, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> Although Witthuhn's body had signs of being tied before she was bludgeoned,<ref name="ColdCaseFiles" /> no ligaturesmurder weapon or murder weaponligatures were found. TheAt victimthe wastime married;of the attack, her husband David was hospitalized,in andthe shehospital wasdue aloneto atan theillness, timeleaving ofher the attackalone.<ref name="OCRegister2009" /> Detectives noted that WitthuhnManuela's televisionmurder washaunted foundDavid thereafter, in part because the backyard,killer possiblycontinued to stalk them and called the killerhouse several times after the murder, and also because police and neighbors suspected him as Manuela's attemptkiller. toThis makesuspicion heightened when David married a sympathetic co-worker named Rhonda not long after the crimemurder. appearDavid tobecame bean alcoholic, and his second marriage ended after nearly a botcheddecade when Rhonda Witthuhn divorced robberyhim. Years later he was exonerated by DNA testing. He died in 2008.<ref>{{cite nameweb|url="suddenhttps://laist.com/news/kpcc-archive/before-nabbing-alleged-golden-state-killer-police|title=Until terror"DNA tied his wife's murder to serial killer, an OC man under suspicion 'went off the deep end'|author=Gilbertson, Annie|publisher=[[LAist]]|language=en-US|url-status=live|date=April 26, 2018|access-date=January 17, 2025|archive-date=January 17, 2025|archive-url=https://archive.today/20250117193318/https://laist.com/news/kpcc-archive/before-nabbing-alleged-golden-state-killer-police}}</ref>

On July 27, 35-year-old Cheri Domingo<!-- Cheryl Grace Smith --> and 27-year-old Gregory Sanchez werebecame the Original Night Stalker's 10thtenth and 11theleventh murder victims.<ref>{{cite news |last1 = Chawkins |first1 = Steve |last2 = Santa Cruz |first2 = Nicole |title = DNA testing sheds new light on Original Night Stalker case |url = httphttps://articleswww.latimes.com/2011local/may/06/localcalifornia/la-me-originaldna-night-stalker-2011050620160615-snap-story.html |access-date = April 10, 2017 |worknewspaper = [[The Los Angeles Times]] |date = May 6, 2011 |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurlarchive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161124055733/http://articles.latimes.com/2011/may/06/local/la-me-original-night-stalker-20110506 |archivedatearchive-date = November 24, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> Both were attacked in Domingo's residence on Toltec Way in Goleta<ref name="sudden terror" />{{rp|444}} (several blocks south of Robert Offerman's condominium), where sheDomingo was living temporarily; it was owned by a deceased relative and up for sale.<ref name="Malnic1981">{{citeCite news |last1 = Malnic |first1 = Eric |title = Tie Hintedhinted in Pairpair of Goleta Murdersmurders |url = https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17884705/the_los_angeles_times/ |access-date = March 1, 2018 |worknewspaper = Los Angeles Times |via = Newspapers.com |date = July 29, 1981 |page = A20 |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurlarchive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180301164525/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17884705/the_los_angeles_times/ |archivedatearchive-date = March 1, 2018 |df = mdy-all }} {{freeFree access}}</ref> The offender entered the house through a small bathroom window. Sanchez had not been tied,<ref name="sudden terror" />{{rp|445}} and was shot and wounded in the cheek before he was bludgeoned to death with a garden tool.

Some believe that Sanchez may have realized he was dealing with the man responsible for the Offerman–Manning murders, and tried to tackle the killer rather than be tied up. Again, no neighbors responded to the gunshot.<ref name="sudden terror" />{{rp|445}}<ref name="Malnic1981" /> Sanchez's head was covered with clothes pulled from the closet.<ref name="sudden terror" />{{rp|444}} Domingo was raped and bludgeoned; bruises on her wrists and ankles indicated that she had been tied,<ref name="sudden terror" />{{rp|445}} although the restraints were missing.<ref name="thequesterfiles.com" /> A piece of shipping twine was found near the bed, and fibers from an unknown source were scattered over her body.<ref>{{citeCite web |url = https://www.coldcase-earons.com/ons6.php |title = ONS Attack No. 6 |publisher = Cold Case: East Area Rapist |access-date = November 2, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurlarchive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171107014001/https://www.coldcase-earons.com/ons6.php |archivedatearchive-date = November 7, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> Authorities believed that the attacker may have worked as a painter or in a similar job at the Calle Real Shopping Centre.<ref name="thequesterfiles.com">{{citeCite web |url = http://www.thequesterfiles.com/murder_8___9_--_cheri_domingo_.html |title = Murder 8 & 9 – Cheri Domingo & Greg Sanchez – Night Predator EAR/ONS Files – Goleta, 1981 |url-status=live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160623092751/http://www.thequesterfiles.com/murder_8___9_--_cheri_domingo_.html |archive-date = June 23, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1 = Macfadyen |first1 = William M. |title = Public's Help Sought with New Clue in 1981 Original Night Stalker Double Murder in Goleta |url = https://www.noozhawk.com/article/santa_barbara_news_original_night_stalker_case_201309 |access-date = March 8, 2017 |workwebsite = Noozhawk |date = September 7, 2013 |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurlarchive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160826002737/https://www.noozhawk.com/article/santa_barbara_news_original_night_stalker_case_201309 |archivedatearchive-date = August 26, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}</ref><ref name=OCRegister /><ref name="thequesterfilesOCRegister6.com">{{cite web |url = http://www15.thequesterfiles.com16/murder_8___9_--_cheri_domingo_.html |title = Murder 8 & 9 – Cheri Domingo & Greg Sanchez – Night Predator EAR/ONS Files – Goleta, 1981 |publisher = |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160623092751/http://www.thequesterfiles.com/murder_8___9_--_cheri_domingo_.html |archivedate = June 23, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}</ref>

OnIn May 4, 18-year-old Janelle Lisa Cruz was found dead after she was raped<ref name="master timeline" /><ref name="EAR-ONS">{{citeCite web |url = http://www.ear-ons.com/investigate5.html |title = East Area Rapist/Original Night Stalker |publisher = |access-date = April 23, 2016 |deadurlurl-status = nodead |archiveurlarchive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160504195634/http://www.ear-ons.com/investigate5.html |archivedatearchive-date = May 4, 2016 |df = mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1 = Muro |first1 = Matt |title = Janelle Cruz was bludgeoned by the golden state killer, now her sister's on a mission |url = http://www.oxygen.com/blogs/janelle-cruz-was-bludgeoned-by-the-golden-state-killer-now-her-sisters-on-a-mission |access-date = November 2, 2017 |publisher = [[Oxygen (TV channel)|Oxygen]] |date = June 10, 2017 |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20171107022344/http://www.oxygen.com/blogs/janelle-cruz-was-bludgeoned-by-the-golden-state-killer-now-her-sisters-on-a-mission |archivedate = November 7, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> and bludgeoned to death in her Irvine home.<ref>{{citeCite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=TKWRBAAAQBAJ |title = She Survived: Jane |lastlast1 = Carson-Sandler |firstfirst1 = Jane |last2 = Phelps |first2 = M. William |publisher = Pinnacle Books |year = 2015 |isbn = 978-0-7860-3457-4 |location = |pages = 70–71 |author-link2 = M. William Phelps |access-date = October 7, 2017 |archive-date = September 21, 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190921005144/https://books.google.com/books?id=TKWRBAAAQBAJ |url-status = live }}</ref> Her family was on vacation in Mexico at the time of the attack. The house was for sale and her body was discovered by a [[realtor]] who stopped by to show the house to a prospective buyer. Janelle's body was found on her bed, beaten beyond recognition, with her teeth found in both her hair and lungs.<ref name="ColdCaseFiles" /><ref name="OCRegister2009" /> A [[pipe wrench]], reported missing by Cruz's stepfather, was thought to be the murder weapon.<ref name="sudden terror" />{{rpfact|458date=January 2025}}

On March 18, 1977, the [[Sacramento County Sheriff's Office]] received three calls from a man claiming to be the East Area Rapist; none were recorded.<ref>{{citeCite web |last1 = Winters |first1 = Kat |title = Attack #15 |url = https://www.coldcase-earons.com/15.php |website = coldcase-earons.com |access-date = January 13, 2018 |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurlarchive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180425103537/http://www.coldcase-earons.com/15.php |archivedatearchive-date = April 25, 2018 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> The first two calls, received at 4:15 and 4:30&nbsp;p.m., were identical and ended with the caller laughing and hanging up.{{fact|date=January The final call came in at 5:00&nbsp;p.m., with the caller saying: "I'm the East Side Rapist and I have my next victim already stalked and you guys can't catch me."2025}}

==== "MerryYou're Christmasnever gonna catch me" (December 92, 1977) ====

Shortly before 10:00&nbsp;p.m. on December 10, 1977, Sacramento authorities received two identical calls, saying:, "I am going to hit tonight. Watt Avenue." Both were recorded, and the caller was identified as the same person who placed the call on December 2 call. Law-enforcement patrols were increased that night,<ref name="sudden terror" />; and at 2:30&nbsp;a.m., a masked man eluded officers after being seen bicycling on the Watt Avenue bridge. When spotted again at 4:30&nbsp;a.m., he discarded the bikebicycle and fled on foot.<ref name="Sacramento Bee no. 1" /> and fled on foot. The bike had been stolen.

The first known rape victim received a wrong-number call asking for "Ray" on January 2, 1978. The call was recorded, and police suspect that it may behave been the same caller who made a threatening call to her later that evening.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news |url = http://casefilepodcast.com/case-53-east-area-rapist-1976-part-1/ |title = Case 53: The East Area Rapist – 1976 (Part 1) – Casefile: True Crime |date = May 14, 2017 |workwebsite = Casefile: True Crime Podcast |access-date = March 4, 2018 |language = en-US |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurlarchive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180304231822/http://casefilepodcast.com/case-53-east-area-rapist-1976-part-1/ |archivedatearchive-date = March 4, 2018 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> That call was also recorded and identified by the victim as the voice of her assailant.<ref name="Footsteps" /><ref name="sudden terror" /> The caller said, "Gonna kill you &nbsp;... gonna kill you &nbsp;... gonna kill you &nbsp;... bitch &nbsp;... bitch &nbsp;... bitch &nbsp;... bitch &nbsp;... fuckin' whore."<ref name="hearHearTheKiller">{{cite web |work = Los Angeles Magazine |url = http://www.lamag.com/thejump/hear-the-golden-state-killer/ |title = Hear the Golden State Killer |accessdate = April 28, 2018 |date = February 27, 2013 |last = McNamara |first = Michelle |deadurl = no |archiveurl = https://archive.today/20171020223446/http://www.lamag.com/thejump/hear-the-golden-state-killer/ |archivedate = October 20, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref>

==== {{anchorAnchor|"Counseling Service" (January 6, 1978)}}Counseling service (January 6, 1978) ====

A man claiming to be the East Area Rapist called the Contact Counseling Service and said:, "I have a problem. I need help because I don't want to do this anymore." After a short conversation, the caller said, "I believe you are [[call tracing|tracing]] this call" and hung up.<ref name="sudden terror" />{{rp|310–315}}<ref>{{citeCite web |url = https://www.coldcase-earons.com/december77.php |title = Letters, Calls, and Sightings from December 1977 to January 1978 |access-date = May 24, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurlarchive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171017093818/https://www.coldcase-earons.com/december77.php |archivedatearchive-date = October 17, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref>

In 1982, a previous victim received a call at her place of work{{snd}}awork—a restaurant{{snd}}during[[Denny's]] restaurant—during which the rapist threatened to rape her again. According to Contra Costa County investigator [[Paul Holes]], the rapist must have chanced to patronizedpatronize the restaurant and recognized his victim there.<ref>{{citeCite news |last1=Garcia |first1=Ana |title=New details released in hunt for 'Golden State Killer' |url=https://crimewatchdaily.com/2017/12/12/new-details-released-in-hunt-for-golden-state-killer/ |accessdateaccess-date=July 11, 2018 |publisher=Crime Watch Daily |date=December 12, 2017 |archive-date=July 12, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712023434/https://crimewatchdaily.com/2017/12/12/new-details-released-in-hunt-for-golden-state-killer/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="cwd">{{citeCite web |title = Pt. 2: New Clue in East Area Rapist Mystery –|first=Chris Crime|last=Hansen Watch|date=December Daily12, with Chris Hansen2017 |url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NaeIJefSAX0 |publisher = Crime Watch Daily |access-date = December 29, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180425134508/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NaeIJefSAX0 |archivedate archive-date= April 25, 2018 |df = mdy-all }}</ref>

In 1991, a previous victim received a phone call from the perpetrator and spoke with him for one minute. She could hear a woman and children in the background, leading to speculation that he had a family.<ref name="DNA" />

On April 6, 2001, one day after an article in the ''The Sacramento Bee'' linked the Original Night Stalker and the East Area Rapist, a victim of the rapist received a call from him; he asked, "Remember when we played?".<ref name="cwd" />

[[File:Original night stalker - east area rapist - golden state killer - cold case - artist rendering.jpg|thumb|alt=Billboard with 1978 sketch and information|This billboardBillboard advertisement appeared nationwideappealing infor Juneinformation (2016.)]]

Before officially connecting the Original Night Stalker to the East Area Rapist in 2001, some law-enforcement officials (particularly from the [[Sacramento County Sheriff's Department]]) sought to link the Goleta cases as well.<ref>{{citeCite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1980-03-13.pdf |title = Police Debate Tie Between East Area Rapist, Killings |last1 = Wilson |first1 = Wayne |date = March 13, 1980 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |publisher=[[McClatchy]] |location=Sacramento, California |access-date = October 7, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030636/https://coldcase-earons.com/1980-03-13.pdf |archivedate archive-date= October 8, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}<br /ref><ref> {{cite news |url = https://coldcase-earons.com/1980-02-16.pdf |title = Link to East Area Rapist Probed in Couples' Slaying |last1 = Wilson |first1 = Wayne |date = February 26, 1980 |work newspaper= [[The Sacramento Bee]] |publisher=[[McClatchy]] |location=Sacramento, California |access-date = October 7, 2017 |page = B1 |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171008030325/https://coldcase-earons.com/1980-02-16.pdf |archivedate archive-date= October 8, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> The links were primarily due to similarities in ''modus operandi''. One of the already-linked Original Night Stalker double murders occurred in Ventura, {{convertConvert|40|mi}} southeast of Goleta,; and the remaining murders were committed in Orange County—anCounty, an additional {{convertConvert|90|mi}} southeast. In 2001, several rapes in Contra Costa County believed to have been committed by the East Area Rapist were linked by DNA to the Smith, Harrington, WhithuhnWitthuhn, and Cruz murders. A decade later, DNA evidence indicated that the Domingo–Sanchez murders were also committed by the East Area Rapist (also identified as the Golden State Killer).<ref name="sudden terror"BerkleyLaw /><ref>{{citeCite news |url = http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2011/05/goleta-slayings-serial-killer.html |title = 30-&nbsp;year-old slayings of Goleta couple linked to serial killer |last1 = Chawkins |first1 = Steve |date = May 5, 2011 |work newspaper=[[The Los Angeles Times]] |location=Los Angeles, California |access-date = October 7, 2015 |archive-url = https://archive.today/20120710223106/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2011/05/goleta-slayings-serial-killer.html |archive-date = July 10, 2012 |deadurl-url status= yes |df = mdy-all dead}}</ref>

On June 15, 2016, the FBI released further information related to the crimes, including new composite sketches and crime details;<ref name="FBIHelp" /> a $50,000 reward was also announced.<ref>{{Citecite news |url = http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/fbi-renews-40-year-hunt-californias-most-prolific-serial-killer-by-offering-50000-reward-1565705 |title = $50,000 reward for California's 'most prolific' serial killer 30 &nbsp;years on |last = Piggott |first = Mark |date = June 15, 2016 |work = [[International Business Times UK]] |access-date = January 27, 2018 |language = en-UK |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180129004327/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/fbi-renews-40-year-hunt-californias-most-prolific-serial-killer-by-offering-50000-reward-1565705 |archivedate archive-date= January 29, 2018 |df = mdy-all }}</ref> The initiative included a national database to support law enforcement's investigating of the crimes and to handle tips and information.<ref>{{citeCite web |url = https://www.fbi.gov/sacramento/press-releases/2016/fbi-announces-50-000-reward-and-national-campaign-to-identify-east-area-rapist-golden-state-killer |title = FBI Announces $50,000 Reward and National Campaign to Identify East Area Rapist/Golden State Killer |author = |date = June 15, 2016 |work website= FBI |access-date = June 16, 2016 |archive-date=August 21, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200821180815/https://www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field-offices/sacramento/news/press-releases/fbi-announces-50-000-reward-and-national-campaign-to-identify-east-area-rapist-golden-state-killer |url-status=live}}</ref> Eventually, "through the use of [[genetic genealogy]] searching on [[GEDmatch]], investigators identified distant relatives of DeAngelo—including family members directly related to his great-great-great-great grandfather dating back to the 1800s. Based on this information, investigators built about 25 different [[family tree]]s. The tree that eventually linked to [DeAngelo] alone contained approximately 1,000 people. Over the course of a few months, investigators used other clues like age, sex, and place of residence to rule out suspects populating these trees, eliminating suspects one by one until only DeAngelo remained."<ref name=BerkleyLaw />

* Brett Glasby, from Goleta, was considered a suspect by Santa Barbara County investigators. He was murdered in Mexico in 1982, before the murder of Janelle Cruz; this, eliminatedeliminating him as a suspect.<ref>{{Cite book |first=Richard|last=Shelby|title = Hunting a Psychopath |publisher =Booklocker.com, Inc.|location=St. Petersburg, Florida |date = 2015 |isbn = 978-16326350821-63263-508-2 |pages = 392–393 }}</ref>

* [[Death of Diane Whipple#Attack|Paul "Cornfed" Schneider]], a high-ranking member of the [[Aryan Brotherhood]], was living in [[Orange County, California|Orange County]] when the Harringtons, Manuela Witthuhn, and Janelle Cruz were killed. A DNA test cleared him in the 1990s.<ref>{{Cite news |url = http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Court-says-inmate-must-give-DNA-Suspect-in-2845640.php |title = Court says inmate must give DNA / Suspect in 20-&nbsp;year-old murders |last last1= Goodyear |first first1= Charlie |date = April 25, 2002 |newspaper = [[San Francisco Chronicle]] |publisher=[[Hearst Publishing]]|location=San Francisco, California|access-date = December 8, 2017 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180105214004/http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Court-says-inmate-must-give-DNA-Suspect-in-2845640.php |archive-date = January 5, 2018 |dead-url = |last2 = Hallissy |first2 = Erin }}</ref><ref name=":2"VenturaCountyStar>{{Cite news |url = https://www.coldcase-earons.com/2002-07-03.pdf |title = DNA Tests Clear Convict in Ventura Killings Paul Schneider Didn't Kill Attorney Lyman Smith, Wife |last = Cason |first = Colleen |date = July 3, 2002 |newspaper = [[Ventura County Star]] |publisher=[[Gannett]]|location=Camarillo, California|access-date = August 29, 2017 |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170830010353/https://www.coldcase-earons.com/2002-07-03.pdf |archivedate archive-date= August 30, 2017 |df = mdy-all }}</ref>

* Joe Alsip, a friend and business partner of the victim Lyman Smith;. Alsip's pastor said that Alsip had confessed to him during a family-counseling session. Alsip was arraigned for the Smith murders in 1982, but the charges were later dropped,<ref name="coldcase-earons2002">{{citeCite web |last1 = Cason |first1 = Colleen |title = The Silent Witness |url = http://www.coldcase-earons.com/2002-Cason-SilentWitness.pdf |newspaper = [[Ventura County Star]] |accessdate publisher=[[Gannett]]|location=Camarillo, California|access-date=May 12, 2018 |date = November 28, 2002 |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180425103545/http://www.coldcase-earons.com/2002-Cason-SilentWitness.pdf |archivedate archive-date= April 25, 2018 |df = mdy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title = Hunting a Psychopath |last = Shelby |first = Richard |publisher = |year = 2016 |isbn asin= B00P9UP3KS|edition = Second |locationpublisher=Booklocker.com, Inc.|location=Bradenton, Florida|page = 406 }}</ref> and his innocence was confirmed by DNA testing in 1997.<ref>{{citeCite news |newspaper = [[Ventura County Star]] |publisher=[[Gannett]]|location=Camarillo, California|date = October 8, 2000 |url = http://www.coldcase-earons.com/2000-10-08.pdf |title = DNA Findings Throw New Light on Old Case By |author first=Aron|last= Miller, Aron |deadurl url-status= nolive |archiveurl archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180308041636/http://www.coldcase-earons.com/2000-10-08.pdf |archivedate archive-date= March 8, 2018 |df = mdy-all }}</ref>

{{Reflistreflist|25em}}

* {{cite book |last1author = WintersMcNamara, |first1 = KatMichelle |last2author-link = KomosMichelle McNamara |first2date = Keith2018 |title = CaseI'll FilesBe ofGone in the EastDark: AreaOne RapistWoman's /Obsessive Search for the Golden State Killer |datetitle-link = 2017I'll Be Gone in the Dark |publisher = CCWHarperCollins |isbn = 978-0-999458106-0231978-5 4}}

* {{cite newsmagazine |urltitle = http://www.lamag.com/Help us catch a killer |workmagazine = [[Los Angeles (magazine)|titleLos =Angeles]] Help|url Us= Catch ahttp://www.lamag.com/killer Killer|deadurlurl-status = bot: unknown |archiveurlarchive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130302072921/http://www.lamag.com/killer |archivedatearchive-date = March 2, 2013 |df = mdy-all }} (includes numerous photos and maps)

* {{cite bookreport |title = Unmasking a Killer |publisher = CNN |date=2018-02-13 |url = http://cnnpressroom.blogs.cnn.com/2018/02/13/hln-renews-search-for-golden-state-killer-in-unmasking-a-killer-premiering-march-18/ |titlearchive-url = Unmasking https://web.archive.org/web/20180302012702/http://cnnpressroom.blogs.cnn.com/2018/02/13/hln-renews-search-for-golden-state-killer-in-unmasking-a-killer-premiering-march-18/|url-status Killer= dead|publisherarchive-date = CNNMarch 2, 2018}} A fiveseven-part series that profiles California's most prolific uncaught serial killer.

* {{cite newsepisode |series = Cold Case Files |season=2 |number=22 |title = The Original Nightstalker |network = A&E Television Networks |url = http://www.aetv.com/shows/cold-case-files/season-2/episode-22 |publisher = A&E Television Networks |work = Cold Case Files ''(Season 2, Episode 22)'' |title = The Original Nightstalker }}

* {{cite newsepisode |url = https://www.investigationdiscovery.com/tv-shows/goldendark-state-killer-its-not-overminds/ |publisher title=Dark Investigation Discovery |work = Golden State KillerMinds: It'sThe NotOriginal OverNightstalker |title series=Investigation Golden State Killer: It's Not OverDiscovery}}

** {{citeCite web |url = http://casefilepodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Case-53-The-Original-Nightstalker-map-part-5a.jpg |title = The Original Nightstalker Map, Part &nbsp;5a |website = casefilepodcast.com }} Map of the EAR/ONS crimes

* {{citeCite web |url = http://www.ear-ons.com/crimes.html |title = East Area Rapist / Original Night Stalker |authorwebsite = ear-ons.com |access-date = June 11, 2016 |workarchive-date = June 17, 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160617073815/http://www.ear-ons.com/crimes.html |accessurl-datestatus = dead }}

[[Category:1970sJoseph inJames theDeAngelo| United States]]

[[Category:1980s murders in the United States]]

[[Category:American rapistspeople convicted of kidnapping]]

[[Category:American serialpeople killersconvicted of rape]]

[[Category:CrimesCriminals infrom CaliforniaLos Angeles]]

[[Category:Criminals offrom theNew SanYork Francisco Bay Area(state)]]

[[Category:MaleMilitary serialpersonnel killersfrom New York (state)]]

[[Category:MurderPeople inconvicted of murder by California]]

[[Category:StalkingSerial killers from California]]

[[Category:Ventura,Serial Californiakillers who worked in law enforcement]]

[[Category:ViolenceUnited againstStates womenNavy inpersonnel of the UnitedVietnam StatesWar]]

[[Category:YearUnited ofStates birthNavy missing (living people)sailors]]